Some of the society at least also seems to have had particular access to certain parts of the temple: the Stela Emplacement area toward the back is one example.
Moreover, the huge bakeries attached to the Great Aten Temple, along with the many hundreds of offering tables in the temple, point to wide distributions of food, and these could be tied to broad accommodation within areas of the temple enclosure, possibly in connection with the festivals of the Aten promised on the boundary stelae. In their homes, officials might exhibit devotion to the royal family as the children of the Aten, sometimes constructing small chapels in gardens alongside their houses for their own or perhaps neighborhood use.
From the perspective of the small finds attached to houses and burials of the wider populace, there is very little overt evidence of attention to the new god, although such attention might not be well manifested in such finds for a variety of reasons. What is clear is that there was no absolute prohibition on other gods: material remains testify to continued interest in household gods like Bes and Taweret Recent excavations have revealed the long-unknown cemeteries of the general populace.
In contrast, the recently excavated South Tombs Cemetery of the general populace shows ample evidence of use, probably holding about 3, individuals. A few of these individuals had a coffin or a stela or a piece of jewelry While there was certainly no mention of traditional funerary religion involving Osiris in the royal or elite tombs, there was some variability in the South Tombs Cemetery: one burial had a coffin apparently representing the Sons of Horus.
The remains present many points of interest, but perhaps most surprising is the evidence of duress and poor diet well beyond that known for other typical New Kingdom populations. The profile of the population in terms of age at death also indicates to researchers that an as yet unidentified epidemic scoured the population. Other cemeteries have been identified, and more excavation is anticipated.
Nefertiti, Meritaten, the mysterious pharaoh Smenkhkare, and the female pharaoh Ankhetkhepherure—for whom the chief candidates in discussions so far have been Nefertiti and Meritaten, the eldest daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti—and ultimately Tutankhaten Tutankhamun all have roles. Energetic scholarly discussion of the events of this period and the identity, parentage, personal history, and burial place of many members of the Amarna royal family is ongoing. Apparently in the reign of Ramesses II, the formal buildings of Akhetaten were completely destroyed, and many of their blocks reused as matrix stone in his constructions at Hermopolis and elsewhere.
The site had presumably been abandoned. Hill, Marsha. Amarna Project. Milan: Silvana Editoriale, Arnold, Dorothea.
See on MetPublications. Freed, Rita E. Markowitz, and Sue. D'Auria, eds. Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen.
Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Gabolde, Marc, et al. Actes du Colloque le 18—19 novembre Montpellier: -, Kemp, Barry J. Murnane, William J. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt.
Edited by Edmund S. Atlanta: Scholars Press, Seyfried, Friederike, ed. English version. Stevens, Anna. Oxford: Archaeopress, Vergnieux, Robert, and Michel Gondran. Paris: Arthaud, Visiting The Met? Taweret amulet with double head. Face from a Composite Statue, probably Queen Tiye. Fragment of a Queen's Face. Pair of Clappers. Akhenaten Sacrificing a Duck.
Nose and lips of Akhenaten. Tile with persea fruit and leaves. Two Princesses Nina de Garis Davies. Talatat with Offerings in the Temple. Blue-painted Storage jar. Scene of Fishing and Fowling. Fragmentary Statuette of a Vizier. Statue of two men and a boy that served as a domestic icon. Torso of Akhenaten.
Head from a statuette. Head of Akhenaten Wearing the Blue Crown, traces of sign behind neck. Horses Harnessed to a Chariot. Mold for Cornflower Pendant. Desert Scene with Antelope. Royal Barge at its Mooring. Terminal, possibly for a scepter. Shabti of Akhenaten. Amarna is one of the few sites where we have a significant amount of archaeological information about how people actually lived in ancient Egypt.
Akhenaten died in his seventeenth year on the throne and his reforms did not survive for long in his absence. His co-regent Smenkhkare, about whom we know virtually nothing, appears not to have remained in power for long after Akhenaten's death. The throne passed to a child, Tutankhamun originally Tutankhaten who was probably the son of Akhenaten and Kiya. The regents administering the country on behalf of the child soon abandoned the city of Akhetaten and the worship of the Aten and returned to Egypt's traditional gods and religious centres.
The temples and cults of the gods were restored and people shut up their houses and returned to the old capitals at Thebes and Memphis. Over time, the process of restoration of traditional cults turned to whole-scale obliteration of all things associated with Akhenaten. His image and names were removed from monuments. His temples were dismantled and the stone reused in the foundations of other more orthodox royal building projects. The city of Akhetaten gradually crumbled back into the desert.
His name and those of his immediate successors were omitted from official king-lists so that they remained virtually unknown until the archaeological discoveries at Akhetaten and in the tomb of Tutankhamun made these kings amongst the most famous of all rulers of ancient Egypt.
The British Museum. Great Russell Street, London. Tel: The British Museum is free to everybody and opens at 10am every day. Tel: A varied collection from Egypt consisting of approximately 36, objects dating from the Palaeolithic to the Roman period. Search term:. Read more.
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Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets CSS if you are able to do so. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Find out more about page archiving. The appeal of the Amarna period Some people are drawn by interest in Akhenaten himself or his religion, others by a fascination with the unusual art which appeals strongly to the tastes of modern viewers and provides a sense of immediacy rarely felt with traditional Egyptian representation.
Religious reforms The Egyptians had traditionally worshipped a whole pantheon of gods who were represented in human or animal form or as animal-headed humans. The art of the Amarna period Early in his reign Akhenaten used art as a way of emphasising his intention of doing things very differently.
Horizon of the Aten. At Karnak, the sandstone blocks survived but were reused in later constructions, notably in the foundations of pylons. In the worship of Aten, the sun disk, the pharaoh gradually morphed into this single god and scenes of his own everyday life started to be represented on the walls of temples.
Yet for Vergnieux, there is no doubt that it is in fact extremely precise, but follows a radically different set of rules that had to be decoded. Thus, a single scene contained different points of view: a door would be shown in profile allowing a series of rooms to be viewed in a row, even if these rooms would not be directly visible from outside the building.
Egyptian scenes such as these the sanctuary of the temple of Aten in Amarna were used as a documentary database by the researchers. This held a few surprises in store. For example, it has been shown that the courtyard of Gem-Pa-Aton, a temple to Aton built to the east of the Karnak complex, underwent significant modifications. Enough to radically change the appearance of the temple! Thanks to 3D, the large and small temples of Amarna could also be reconstructed "virtually," as could two houses of dignitaries.
These were imposing buildings covering nearly square meters, with two levels and a luxurious garden. A 3D map of the town has also been produced, situating the temples and palaces, as well as the residential neighborhoods and warehouse areas.
The project is far from over though: another ten thousand Talatats, unearthed in the foundations of the 9th pylon at Karnak, need to be put together so as to reconstruct new decorative scenes.
These distribution data, showing where each Talatat was found, could still hold interesting surprises for the archaeologists. Sign in. Articles Infographics Opinions Slideshows Videos. What is the CNRS? Search Sign in Register My account Newsletters. Customize your navigation Select your favorite keywords or themes and create your custom section. Log in Register. The great temple dedicated to the worship of the sun disk Aten, in Amarna. The capital city built by Akhenaten was completely destroyed following his death.
Share Share. For the first time, researchers were able to reproduce 3D models of some of its buildings.
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