If you like to build things yourself, you'll probably need a few Phillips screwdrivers in various sizes, and having a cordless electric Phillips screwdriver in your tool set can really come in handy. Phillips screw heads allow a tighter fit than a flat head screw, which is why most factories and handymen use them. The screws tend to be lightweight and relatively small. The trick is to match your screwdriver to the type and size of screws you're using.
Your choice of screw depends on the type of job you're doing. Use crosshead screws which include both Phillips and posidrive screws for most of your power driving. Use single-slot screws for carpentry and joinery. Use only a Phillips screwdriver for Phillips screws. If you're not sure which screwdriver to use, be gentle as you begin to drive it.
If your screwdriver starts wobbling or slipping out of the screw, you know you've chosen the incorrect type or size screwdriver. Early screws were made from wood and were used in wine presses, olive oil presses, and for pressing clothes. Metal screws and nuts used to fasten two objects together first appeared in the fifteenth century. In , English instrument maker, Jesse Ramsden — invented the first satisfactory screw-cutting lathe, and went on to inspire other inventors.
In , Englishman Henry Maudslay — invented a large screw-cutting lathe that made it possible to mass-produce accurately sized screws. In , American machinist David Wilkinson — also invented machinery for the mass production of threaded metal screws. In , square-drive screws were invented by Canadian P. Robertson — , 28 years before Henry Phillips patented his Phillips head screws, which are also square-drive screws.
The Robertson screw is considered the "first recess-drive type fastener practical for production usage. The early 20th century Model T car made by the Ford Motor Company one of Robertson's first customers used over seven hundred Robertson screws.
In the early s, the Phillips head screw was invented by Oregon businessman Henry Phillips — Automobile manufacturers now used car assembly lines. They needed screws that could take greater torque and could provide tighter fastenings. The Phillips head screw was compatible with the automated screwdrivers used in an assembly line. A hexagonal or hex screw head has a hexagonal hole turned by an Allen key. An Allen key or Allen wrench is a hexagonally shaped turning tool wrench , was first produced by William G.
Allen of the Allen Manufacturing Company in Connecticut; who patented it first debatable. In , the flat-bladed bit for the carpenter's brace was invented, the precursor to the first simple screwdriver. Handheld screwdrivers first appeared after Myriad types of screws have been invented to perform specific tasks.
A variety of tools exists to drive screws into the material to be fixed. A flathead would refer to the geometry of a screw head itself, and a flatheaded screw could actually have any type of driving head on it slotted, Phillips, square, etc. He also talks in the video about other common driver types, namely as Phillips, Robertson, and Torx. Phillips heads come in a variety of sizes, designated 1, 2, 3 and others , with the 2 head being the most common. John says that people sometimes call it a star head.
The Robertson is also commonly referred to as a square driver, but Robertson is the correct term. Like the Phillips, the 2 size Robertson is the most common. John also discusses Torx, a driver tech that is more prevalent in Europe and was originally developed for manufacturing and machine assembly where the six-sided star bit can get a good grip on the screw head and not strip out.
And finally, when all else fails? As Make: contributor and lexicographer Erin McKean has pointed us, in language, you vote with your usage. But knowing the correct terminology is always a good idea and as John makes clear in the video, knowing these terms when dealing with professionals in the field will make you not look like a lightweight.
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